Niche differentiation between<i>Malus sylvestris</i>and its hybrid with<i>Malus domestica</i>indicated by plant community, soil and light

Question Malus sylvestris is considered an endangered tree species in Central Europe. Hybridization with domestica poses a serious threat to the genetic integrity of wild species. Here we investigate whether M. and hybrid × occur same habitat or have different ecological niches threatened by displacement hybrid. Location Northern Bavaria. Methods Taxon delimitation was accomplished using six microsatellite markers 613 Germany-wide references 75 cultivars. To determine differences between hybrids, light availability for trees estimated via gap fractions hemispherical photographs. Soil particle size pH values were determined each horizon. Vegetation relevé data collected, mean Ellenberg indicator calculated. For differences, means combination frequency patterns parameters compared, logistic models detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) community Results Genetic identified 22 11 specimens, meaning that study area taxon much more frequent than Ecological site its best explained availability, moisture value. In contrast demands hybrid, tolerated wet soil flooding even somewhat shadier conditions later successional stages. DCA revealed composition plant communities which taxa found primarily driven moisture. Conclusions Our suggested niches, are appropriate reduce risk replacement sylvestris. Hence, these findings provide important implications targeted planning in-situ conservation strategies genomes low levels admixture help protect suitable apple.